After the infection of untransfected and hBD-2- or hBD-3-transfected Caco-2 cells with E. faecium and/or S. typhimurium, we examined the host response by evaluating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8 Il-1α, and IL-1β and anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β by real-time PCR. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.