Instead, an infection of Caco-2 cells with E. faecium resulted only in a slight increase of expression of proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, which was more apparent in the presence of antimicrobial peptides; these data confirm that E. faecium did not act as a pathogen and did not induce an increase in the inflammatory response (Figure 2). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is infection.