Serum samples from CRMO patients contained higher concentrations of CCL4/MIP-1β, CCL5/RANTES, CCL11/eotaxin, S100A8, and lower concentrations of IL-18, sIL-2R, and osteoprotegerin when compared to samples from patients with acute leukemia. This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.