PARP1 and congestive heart failure: The present study aims (1) to examine parthanatos phenomenon (oxidative-nitrative stress, PARP activation, and AIF translocation) in blood components of patients with chronic heart failure, (2) to assess the possible correlation with the severity of the disease, and (3) to identify clinical parameters that may play a role in the development of parthanatos of circulating mononuclear cells in chronic heart failure.