Approximately 11% of Caucasian patients with NSCLC harbor activating EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations and first-line treatment with EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been proven to be superior in comparison to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic disease [1–3]. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.