MTOR and renal cell carcinoma: Moreover, a compensatory increase of the phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) pathway due to mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1 inhibition (everolimus, temsirolimus) may lead to an upregulation of mTORC2 with further Akt und HIF activation; however, whether mTOR inhibitors that target both mTOR complexes increase antitumor effects has yet to be tested in RCC ([9]; Fig. 1).