Consistent with these findings, upregulation of Trpa1 mRNA was reported in the urinary bladder of patients with bladder outlet obstruction or IC/BPS (Du et al., 2008; Homma et al., 2013), suggesting that upregulation of TRPA1 expression in the urinary bladder may be pathologically correlated with bladder disorders. The gene discussed is TRPA1; the disease is Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.