A 2015 study for the first time discovered that Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) and its lncRNA CPS1 intronic transcript 1 (CPS1-IT1) are co-upregulated at the same time in ICC tissue compared with paracancerous normal tissue [105]. The gene discussed is CPS1; the disease is intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.