CAPN5 and CAPN5-related vitreoretinopathy: Because activating mutations of CAPN5 play pivotal roles and have a significant effect on degeneration of photoreceptor cells at an early stage in human ADNIV patients [3–6], we generated intracellularly expressed single chain antibody fragments against CAPN5 to block possible active-CAPN5 substrate-mediated cell damage including apoptosis, autoimmune-activation, and retinal photoreceptor cell degeneration.