TNF and colorectal carcinoma: Mechanistically, malignant transformation of intestinal epithelial cells and the development of CRC includes at least three relevant steps namely (i) the induction of oncogenic mutations within the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (SC), (ii) an altered beta-catenin/Wnt signaling, and (iii) proinflammatory cascades such as TNFα-NFκB and IL6-STAT3 that catalyze CRC development [126].