Although activation of NRF2 signaling is generally regarded as cytoprotective, and hence a useful target for prevention of cancer and other diseases, cancer genome sequencing efforts have indicated a substantial representation of mutations in the interaction domains of KEAP1 and NRF2 that lead to constitutive activation of NRF2 signaling in cancer cells (Hayes and Dinkova-Kostova, 2014, Praslicka et al., 2016). Here, KEAP1 is linked to cancer.