We have also tested the effectiveness of a single-chain nanobody raised against the Aβ peptide, the extracellular chaperone clusterin, and bapineuzumab (a humanized monoclonal antibody that was recently used in an unsuccessful AD drug trial) (Blennow et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2015, Salloway et al., 2014, Vandenberghe et al., 2016) at reducing the Ca2+ influx induced by samples of CSF. The gene discussed is CLU; the disease is Alzheimer disease.