These findings, obtained using pre-clinical and animal models, point at the involvement of thrombin/PAR1 signaling in the pathogenesis of retinal disease, particularly upon certain metabolic unbalances such as diabetes, suggesting that targeting PAR1 may represent a novel and safe tool toward the eradication proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Here, F2R is linked to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.