Subjects suffering from T2D comorbidities, namely, obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD), displayed reduced Ac pathway abundances (obesity, −10.1% ± 3.1% [SE] in meta-analysis [ΣIII,IV,V], and CVD, −19.9% ± 12.2% [SE], P = 0.08) compared with healthy controls, mainly due to a decrease of certain Lachnospiraceae (Fig. 4). Here, ASAH1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.