INS and diabetes mellitus: In evaluating the interrelationship between percentages of CD3-CD8dullGAD65 pentamer reactive cells and metabolic markers of disease a direct correlation was found with C-peptide concentration (r = 0.4488, p = 0.0317) (Fig 7A) while an inverse correlation was detectable with HbA1c values (r = -0.4255, p = 0.0483) and insulin requirements (r = -0.4793, p = 0.0441) in the population of newly diagnosed diabetics indicative of a protective effect (Fig 7B and 7C).