CDKN1A and cancer: Considering the p53 downstream pathway in malignant melanoma cells compared to melanocytes, a notably lower expression of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha (GADD45A) and BBC3 (Bcl2 binding component 3, also p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis) mRNA expression was observed, corroborating the hypothesis of a disrupted p53 dependent apoptosis [27].