GDF2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In our recently published study, we showed that circulating BMP-9 levels are significantly lower in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM (nT2DM) than in healthy subjects and BMP-9 levels are associated with HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h plasma glucose after glucose overload (2-h OGTT, the area under the curve for glucose (AUCglucose) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)19.