GDF2 and metabolic syndrome: In summary, the results of the current study demonstrate that circulating levels of BMP-9 are decreased in subjects with MetS and associated with measures of IR (HOMA-IR), marker of adiposity (WHR), parameters of glucose metabolism (FBG, 2h-PBG and HbA1c) and parameters of blood fat (TG, HDL and FFA), and the presence of MetS.