SOD1 and gastric ulcer: Tables 7 and 8 show the in vivo antioxidant effects of E. speciosa in rats subjected to “unhealed gastric ulcers.” The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, in the vehicle control compared with normal rats.