Future studies may benefit from investigating an extended suite of astrocyte markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1), glutamate synthetase (GS), and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B), to obtain a more complete perspective on structural and functional astrocyte abnormalities in the autism brain. The gene discussed is ALDH1L1; the disease is autism.