PAN is a key regulator in controlling gene expression by multiple mechanisms. Many immunity-related genes, such as IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-18, and IFN-α, are regulated by lncRNA PAN. In addition, PAN participates in regulating the virus life cycle through removing the suppressive H3K23me3 from the viral genome and interacting with LANA to maintain latent infection. The gene discussed is ADA2; the disease is disease arising from reactivation of latent virus.