Rothchild et al. (22) demonstrated that GM-CSF production by either radioresistant or radiosensitive cells promotes TB resistance, which supports ongoing efforts to increase GM-CSF levels in TB patients—either by administering recombinant GM-CSF (i.e., sargramostim) or by enhancing endogenous GM-CSF expression (e.g., via gene therapy)—to positively affect TB outcome. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and tuberculosis.