For example, Gibson and Rosella isolated colonic crypt cells from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, Crohn’s disease, or ulcerative colitis and assessed IL-8 secretion in response to butyrate treatment (1 mmol/L) over a 24 h time course; in all disease groups butyrate administration significantly lowered IL-8 concentrations in comparison to control [118]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is ulcerative colitis.