DIAPH1 and viral infectious disease: Our data show that although viral infection could induce the accumulation of smaller DIAP1 in cells expressing DIAP1WT from 0 (mock) to 15 h.p.i. (Figure 4D), the cleaved, smaller form of DIAP1 became resistant to degradation and insensitive to viral infection in DIAP1N21A-expressing cells (Figure 4E), showing that the effect of viral infection on the smaller DIAP1 accumulation is dependent on the N-end rule pathway.