However, TGF-β1-mediated control of EMT and cell motility in PDAC cells does not only require Smad, but also crosstalk with p38 MAPK - and in pancreatic cancer cells with activating K-Ras mutations - with the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK-signalling cascade. This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K7 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.