ARAF and colorectal cancer: In another study, the prevalence of E. coli producing cyclomodulins and genotoxins in colon cancer had a higher prevalence of the B2 phylogenetic group E. coli harboring the pks gene (55.0%) and cnf1 gene (39.5%) in biopsies of patients with colorectal cancer than that in patients with diverticulosis (19.3% pks+ and 12.9% cnf1+) [11].