APOE and Alzheimer disease: Conversely, therapeutic interventions that have been shown to restore NREM SWS (e.g. auditory closed-loop stimulation (Ngo et al., 2013) or transcranial current stimulation) might be used as a preventative measure to reduce AD risk in younger patients, or in high-vulnerability populations, such as patients with Down’s syndrome or individuals carrying the ApoE ε4 allele with marked sleep deficits(Mander et al., 2016).