SERPINA1 and liver cancer: Modest activation of fibrogenic pathways was observed even when there was no discernable fibrosis on histological assessment (Fig. 5); the glycoprotein alpha-1-anti-trypsine (Serpina1), for which deficiency is linked to both cirrhosis and primary liver cancer was one of the top most down-regulated gene (Supplementary Table S6) and the alcohol metabolizing enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 1 C (Adh1C), which activity relates to alcoholic liver cirrhosis risk21, was upregulated (Supplementary Table S5).