PTGS2 and brain ischemia: Furthermore, curcumin (200 mg/kg) attenuates inflammation by decreasing inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), NO, COX-2, and iNOS, induced by brain ischemia in rats [49].