Great general interest for studying the full array of CALR functions has been recently raised by two clinical observations: namely, CALR was shown to be expressed on the cell membrane at levels which are altered in a variety of cancers (Chao et al., 2010; Wemeau et al., 2010), and indel or deletion mutations in exon 9 of CALR are associated with the majority of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms which do not harbor mutations in JAK2 (Klampfl et al., 2013; Nangalia et al., 2013; Nunes et al., 2015). The gene discussed is CALR; the disease is cancer.