We have tested the hypothesis with the following three aims: (i) to identify and illustrate the effects of the realistic IKur blocker, acacetin, on atrial electrophysiology following AF-related remodeling; (ii) to assess whether combined INa and IKur block produce synergistic antiarrhythmic effects; and (iii) to investigate the action of such drug combinations on ventricular electrophysiology. The gene discussed is INA; the disease is atrial fibrillation.