BDNF and Parkinson disease: These benefits have been reproduced in animal models of PD suggesting that physical exercise prevents the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia and its association with hyperphosphorylation of DARPP-32, c-Fos expression and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels (Gyárfás et al., 2010; Aguiar et al., 2013; Shin et al., 2017).