TNF and kidney disorder: Moreover, NF-kB activation contributes to renal inflammation mostly by upregulating the renal expression of chemokines and cytokines involved in the increasing of vascular permeability such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL- (interleukin-) 1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF (tumour necrosis factor), which are critically involved in kidney disease pathogenesis [19].