IVNS1ABP and infection: NS1BP is a required viral host factor relevant for pre-mRNA processing, mRNA metabolism, and transport.5 It is also a key mediator of IAV gene expression, in particular viral RNA splicing.51 Furthermore, NS1BP modulates tumor suppressor, and potential host defense gene sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), which is down-regulated during infection in 9/12 data sets (with no significant directional change in expression in the remaining 3 data sets).