INS and Insulin resistance: Winocur et al. (2005) showed memory deficit and decrease in expression ofinsulin-dependent glucose transporter (GLUT4) and hippocampal insulin signaling inan animal model of insulin resistance and obesity.4 The authors pointed out that a deficit in insulinsignaling may contribute to injuries in peripheral tissues of diabetes patients andthe same can occur with hippocampal tissue inducing a deficit in memory in theseanimals.