INS and diabetes mellitus: Types ofdiabetes include type 1 diabetes mellitus (or insulin-dependent diabetes) thatderives from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, responsiblefor the production of insulin,55,56 and type 2 diabetes (orinsulin-independent diabetes),57characterized by high blood glucose levels in the context of relative insulindeficiency and insulin resistance9,10 (Table 2).