INS and Insulin resistance: Nevertheless, an intenseinflammatory response may promote the production of excess cytokines and oxidativestress leading to cell death.94Neuroinflammation aggravates insulin resistance through the inhibition of IRsignaling by the activation of the TNF-α receptor (TNFR).95 The binding of insulin to itsreceptor induces tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS, initiating intracellular signalingof insulin.