Thus, mice deficient in the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 (IL-10−/−) spontaneously develop a mild, patchy form of colitis which is highly dependent on the composition of the gut microbiota, given that the commensal Akkermansia muciniphila is able to induce colitis in IL-10−/− mice (262). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is colitis.