Recent work of our group showed that NRF2 is critical for the anti-oxidative host response triggered during Leishmania infection, being dependent on PKR activation34.We further demonstrated that activation of anti-oxidative cell response promotes L. amazonensis infection in macrophages, as addition of an anti-oxidant compound (NAC) to shATF4 transduced cells full restores the infection potential. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is infection.