This notion was in line with our finding, although PADI4 rs11203366, rs1886302, rs1635562, rs1635564, rs16825533 and rs2477137 were not associated with the susceptibility to ESCC, smoking significantly increased ESCC risk in PADI4 rs11203366 AG/AA, rs1886302 CC/CT, rs1635562 AT, rs1635564 CA and rs2477137 AC genotype, while alcohol drinking increased ESCC risk in PADI4 rs11203366 AG, rs1635562 AT, rs1635564 CA, rs2477137 AC, rs1886302 CT genotype. This evidence concerns the gene PADI4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.