AR and posterior cortical atrophy: Roediger et al. demonstrated a dose-dependent induction of G1/G0 cell cycle arrest and senescence associated beta galactosidase activity (SA beta-Gal) in LNCaP, C4-2 and AR-expressing PC-3 PCa cell lines treated with R1881 at 1 nM or higher concentrations, and in malignant prostate tissues treated ex vivo with R1881 at 10 nM or higher concentrations [116].