In this paper, we performed lipidomics using UPLC-HRMS to study the lipid composition in plasma samples from patients with a peroxisomal disorder affecting either peroxisome biogenesis, including ZSD and RCDP type 1 and 5, or one specific peroxisomal pathway, including Refsum disease, DBP and AMACR deficiency. The gene discussed is DBP; the disease is peroxisomal disease.