Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were detected within the first 10 days of life in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of preterm infants who subsequently developed BPD compared to infants who did not (23–29). Here, TGFB1 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.