For example, strategies that provide immune stimulating support for exogenous DC, such as the introduction of IL-6 or IL-21 transgenes into BMDC (137, 138) or the co-administration of oncolytic adenovirus engineered to express immune stimulators such as IL-12 and GM-CSF (64, 119), have been shown to significantly improve vaccine efficacy, resulting in complete regression of established melanomas in some cases. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is melanoma.