It is interesting to speculate that in DC which have not previously been exposed to the hostile tumor microenvironment (i.e., exogenous BMDC) or which are found in the context of early stage tumors and have not yet accumulated the types of fatty acids associated with immune dysfunction, XBP1 promotes DC immunogenicity by protecting these cells against ER stress as they increase protein synthesis during their activation. Here, XBP1 is linked to neoplasm.