IDO1 and melanoma: Moreover, advances in targeted delivery of therapeutics to endogenous DC, such as those that have already been achieved with IDO siRNA-encapsulated mannosed liposomes (136) and polypeptide micelle-based nanoparticles incorporating an miRNA148-a inhibitor (117), will enable selective reprogramming of melanoma-associated DC into potent stimulators of antitumor immune responses and likely improve the outcome of immunotherapy for melanoma patients going forward.