STAT3 and melanoma: In this regard, vaccines employing SOCS1-silenced DC improve the control of established B16 melanoma (140, 141), a finding that offers exciting proof-of-principle for this approach and that suggests the silencing of other immunosuppressive signaling molecules often dysregulated in melanoma-altered DC, such as STAT3 and β-catenin, may also improve the antitumor efficacy of DC vaccines for melanoma.