Intranodal injection of pDC that had been activated and pulsed with melanocyte differentiation Ag-derived peptides into tumor-free lymph nodes of patients with distant metastatic melanoma-induced Ag-specific CD8+ T cell responses in nearly 50% of patients, and although the sample size was too small to make definitive assessments of clinical efficacy, a comparison of clinical outcomes for these patients versus matched control patients undergoing dacarbazine chemotherapy suggest vaccination benefits for both progression-free survival and overall survival (42). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.