Although ATP released from tumor cells may serve as a DAMP to promote DC activation (see Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) as a Means of Promoting DC-Mediated Antitumor Immunity), melanoma cells often express on their surface the CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases that hydrolyze ATP into adenosine (170–172), thereby leading to its buildup in the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is ENTPD1; the disease is neoplasm.