While, DCM patients can show antibody reactivity to cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc) (66%) and troponin-I (50%), up to 80% of the end-stage IDCM patients or more than 90% of patients using left ventricular assist device were shown to be positive for antibodies to β1AR (6, 7). The gene discussed is ADRB1; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.