Growing evidence suggests that autoimmune responses may be an important trigger, since DCM patients can show autoantibodies for various antigens such as cardiac myosin, cardiac troponin I, adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT), β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR), and branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD) (9–12). Here, ADRB1 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.