A similar phenomenon was described by Onyilagha and collaborators who determined that the deficiency of the B cell adaptor molecule Bam32 causes significantly higher amounts of TNF and other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFNγ and IL6-produced by CD4+ T cells, and results in a failure to control parasitemia during the chronic phase of Trypanosoma congolense infection (54). Here, CD4 is linked to parasitic infectious disease.