TNF and parasitic infectious disease: In our model, we observed that, at initial Dpi, T. cruzi-infected muMT mice presented higher parasitemia and parasite load in comparison to infected WT mice; however, during the late acute phase of the infection, the parasitemia and parasite load were similar to those presented by infected WT mice, suggesting that despite the lack of antibodies, infected muMT mice were able to control parasite replication and this is not the cause for the exacerbation of the TNF inflammatory response.