For instance, compared to sulfonylureas and meglitinides, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors provide important reduction in HbA1c concentration, with a low risk for hypoglycemia, even in advanced CKD patients (eGFR < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2) (Russo et al., 2013; Scheen, 2015). This evidence concerns the gene DPP4 and chronic kidney disease.