As compared with early, active, untreated RA, anti-TNF responders had lower proportions of CD4+ cells, naïve CD4+ and CD8+ cells and memory CD8+ cells, and higher percentages of activated CD4+ T-cells with HLADR marker positivity, but lower prevalences of CD4+ cells with CD25 and of CD8+ T-cells with CD69 marker positivity. The gene discussed is CD69; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.