Analogously to our findings, Teniente-Serra et al. have found that multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab (monoclonal antibody to the integrin CD49d) had an increased percentage of early effector and central memory T-cells, as well as of early thymic emigrant T-cells, as compared with untreated patients, indicating that T-cell activation may proceed despite the inflammatory process is blocked by the inhibition of the effector steps [25]. The gene discussed is ITGA4; the disease is multiple sclerosis.