PIK3CD and cancer: The proportion of genes experiencing copy number gains in later stages (i.e., on the edge CD → D, during the treatments with veliparib and ponatinib) is much higher than that in earlier stage (on the edges B → CD and CD → C, during the treatment with cisplatin), and the proportion difference is more dramatic in important cancer signaling pathways, including MEK/MAPK/Erk, PI3K/Akt/mTor and NF-κB. These genes mutated in the different phases of treatment also showed different functional focuses.