To test the effect of Sal-1-targeting iNOS on Salmonella infection in mice, we directly delivered either LV-iNOS MUT, LV-Sal-1 or LV-Sal-1 sponge (each 5 × 107 TU) into the lumens of female BALB/c mouse colon using the method described previously22. Here, NOS2 is linked to Salmonella Infections.