CD4 and coinfection: The previous version of the clinical guidelines adopted in 2012 recommended start at threshold CD4+ T cells < 350/mL or CD4+ T cells = 350–500/mL if other factors (such as dramatic CD4+ T cell decrease, high viral load, co-infections, other comorbidities, sex with a steady HIV-negative partner or pregnancy) were present; a threshold of CD4+ T cells > 500/mL was previously recommended only ‘in special circumstances’ [23].