We found that the increase in ROS production induced by SLE plasma was suppressed by a selective inhibitor of ER stress 4-PBA, and by the non-specific and the specific NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin and VAS2870, respectively (Fig. 5a), involving ER stress and NADPH oxidase in this increase. This evidence concerns the gene FMO5 and systemic lupus erythematosus.