CheckMate 143 (NCT02017717) was the first randomized phase III clinical trial of PD pathway inhibition in the setting of GBM, including a comparison of nivolumab (Opdivo) and the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, bevacizumab (Avastin), in the treatment of recurrent GBM. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is glioblastoma.