TGFB1 and acute kidney injury: In line with those observations, we here demonstrate that S3I-201, a STAT3 inhibitor, significantly suppressed LPS induced expression levels of ICAM-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β excluding IL-β (Figure 4C & 4D), which was also suppressed by using genetic and pharmacological approaches in kidney from LPS or CLP induced AKI models for 24h or 18h (Figure 8, and Supplementary Figure 2).